Loan Schemes

Peer to peer lending (P2P), or social lending, is a new process of connecting an individual borrower with lenders, without using traditional banks to obtain an unsecured loan. As a potential borrower, you can post a request for a loan, along with a brief description of how you will use it. The borrower and lenders are strangers; their only knowledge of each other is through the P2P website. Although the idea seems very informal, a peer-to-peer loan contract is a formal, legally binding agreement between two parties; checks and pay stubs are required. There can still be fees for late and missed payments. The lenders must report your loan payment history to the credit reporting agencies. Consumer Action has more information about peer-to-peer lending.
Types of Loans
There are different types of loans. Some are secured loans. This mean that your property and things you own are used as collateral, and if you cannot pay back the loan, the lender will take your collateral to get their money back. Other types of loans, unsecured loans, don’t use property as collateral. Lenders consider these as more risky than secured loans, so they charge a higher interest rate for them. Most credit cards are unsecured loans, although some consumers have secured credit cards. Two very common secured loans are home equity and installment loans.
Home-Equity Loans
A home equity loan could be a smart way to pay off high-interest debt or pay for home repairs. But consider carefully before taking out a home equity loan. If you are unable to make payments on time, you could lose your home.
Home equity loans can either be a revolving line of credit or a lump sum. Revolving credit lets you withdraw funds when you need them. A lump sum is a one-time closed-end loan, for a particular purpose, such as remodeling or tuition. Apply for a home equity loan through a bank or credit union first. These loans are likely to cost less than those offered by finance companies.

Installment Loans

Before you sign an agreement for a loan to buy a house, a car or other large purchase, make sure you fully understand all the lender's terms and conditions, including:

• The dollar amount you are borrowing.
• The payment amounts and when they are due.
• The total finance charge, the total of all the interest and fees you must pay to get the loan.
• The Annual Percentage Rate (APR), the rate of interest you will pay over the full term of the loan.
• Penalties for late payments.
• What the lender will do if you can't pay back the loan.
• Penalties if you pay the loan back early

The Truth in Lending Act requires lenders to give you this information so you can compare different offers.

Payday and Tax Refund Loans

Payday loans are illegal in some states. Recent changes in the law for payday lenders have also made payday loans illegal for members of the military. With a typical payday loan, you might write a personal check for $115 to borrow $100 for two weeks, until payday. The annual percentage rate (APR) in this example is 390 percent! If you can repay the loan quickly, it may not appear such a bad deal. But if you can't pay off the loan quickly, that relatively small loan can grow into a large amount of debt. At 390 percent, a $100 loan will become $490 in a year and $2,401 in two years.
Another high cost way to borrow money is a tax refund loan. This type of credit lets you get an advance on a tax refund for a fee. APRs as high as 774% have been reported. If you are short of cash, avoid both of these loans by asking for more time to pay a bill or seeking a traditional loan. Even a cash advance on your credit card may cost less.